Biometrics- (Types & Uses)

BIOMETRICS:-

              Biometrics is an automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavorial characteristic. Among the features measured are; face, fingerprints, hand geometry, handwriting, iris, retinal, vein, and voice.

TYPES OF BIOMETRICS:-

1. Finger Print Recognition

• It is the oldest form of Biometrics. It is highly reliable and it uses distinctive features of fingers.
• It is an automated method of confirming the identity of any individual based on compression of two fingerprints.

2. Vascular Pattern Matching

• Vascular pattern recognition, also commonly referred to as vein pattern authentication, uses near-infrared light to reflect or transmit images of blood vessels.
• In vascular pattern in fingers, near-infrared rays generated from a bank of LEDs penetrate the finger or hand and are absorbed by the hemoglobin the blood

3.Iris Recognition 

• Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric identification that uses mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on video images of one or both of the irises of an individual's eyes.
• A key advantage of iris recognition, besides its speed of matching and its extreme resistance to false match, is the stability of the iris as an internal and protected, yet externally visible organ of the eye. 

4. Facial Recognition

• A facial recognition system is a computer application capable of identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source
• An algorithm may analyze the relative position, size, and shape of the eyes, nose, cheekbones, and jaw. These features are then used to search for other images with matching features.

5. Voice Verification

• Speech recognition is the methodologies and technologies that enables the recognition and translation of spoken language into text by computers.
• The system analyzes the person's specific voice and uses it to fine-tune the recognition of that particular person's speech, Thereby resulting in increased accuracy for granting permission to access the system. 

6. Hand Geometry

• Hand geometry is a biometric that identifies users by the shape of their hands. Hand geometry readers measure a user's hand along many dimensions and compare those measurements to measurements stored in a file.
• Hand geometry is very reliable when combined with other forms of identification, such as identification cards of personal identification numbers.

7. Dynamic Signature

• Hand geometry is very reliable when combined with other forms of identification, such as identification cards or personal identification numbers.
• In this mode, users write their signature in a digitizing tablet, which acquires the signature in real time. This system operates with a capacitive screen, where users can sign using a finger or an appropriate pen. 

8. Retina Recognition

• The human retina is a thin tissue composed of neural cells that is located in the posterior portion of the eye.
• It is one of the most secure means of biometrics. It is unique to each person and most importantly it is unique to each eye.

Applications:-

• Electronic Payment.
• Record Protection.
• Passport Control.
• Border Control.
• Missing Person.
• Corpse Identification.
• Criminal Investigation.

CONCLUSION:-

The innovation of technology has paved way for the innovation of many products in the field of technology thereby increasing the products efficiency and more privacy to the personalized things.